If \(f(x) = x^2\), then \(af(x) = a(x^2)\). This tells us that we need to multiply each of the \(y\) coordinates on the graph by \(a\) in order to stretch the original graph. Looking at some ...

Pratt, John W. "How Many Balance Functions Does It Take To Determine A Utility Function?" Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 31, no. 2 (September 2005): 109–127. (Article in Honor of Paul Samuelson's ...