Quantum systems tend to become less “quantum-y” as they interact with their environment. So when developing a mathematical description, it’s usually simpler just to view them as being closed off from ...

Protons, the positively charged particles that help build every atom in our bodies, are starting to look less like classical ...

If a cup of water spills on the floor, the water can’t unspill—that is, it’s inconceivable that each water molecule would exactly reverse its course to slip back into the cup. To do so would be to ...

Quantum computers, systems that process information leveraging quantum mechanical effects, could soon outperform classical computers on some complex computational problems. These computers rely on ...