If you replay arguments long after they end, your brain may be seeking reward, not resolution. Here’s how dopamine shapes ...

I was recently talking to a business owner who has really been struggling to get ahead. They have been working 80-plus hours a week and burning the candle at both ends. They weren’t sleeping, they ...

In consciousness studies, a longstanding controversy concerns whether activity in the prefrontal cortical (PFC) region of the brain is necessary to evoke conscious experiences. Similarly, there is ...

One of my goals personally and professionally is to empower people to self-reinforce. Eighty percent of my clients struggle with executing this concept. I encourage my clients to exercise tangible ...

Negative reinforcement encourages specific behaviors by removing or avoiding negative consequences or stimuli. It is different than punishment, which aims to discourage a specific behavior. Negative ...