Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is an essential technology in modern communications, enabling the identification of various signal modulation schemes without prior knowledge, thereby ...

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are emerging as transformative tools that enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices. With recent advancements in Electroencephalography ...

Support vector machines improve classification by mapping inseparable signals into higher-dimensional spaces. Random forest models, through ensemble decision trees, increase robustness against ...

Background and objectives Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection of pulmonary nodules is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.