Algebraic structures are fundamental mathematical entities defined by sets equipped with operations that satisfy specific axioms, such as groups, rings, and fields. Function spaces, by contrast, are ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming how scientists understand proteins—these are working molecules that drive nearly every process in the human body, from cell growth and immune defense to ...

An essential component of the lymphatic system, the thymus, a pyramid-shaped organ located in the thoracic cavity, is responsible for producing T-cells. For centuries, the thymus was believed to be an ...

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. It involves the systematic identification, quantification, and analysis of the entire protein complement ...

Prior to using this narrative, have learners create their own model of a cell in their notebooks using whatever background information or experience they might have. While exploring the narrative, ...

Researchers have made significant inroads in understanding how nanoplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) -- commonly known as forever chemicals -- disrupt biomolecular structure and ...

The limbic system helps regulate emotional and social processing, as well as learning, motivation, and memory. It consists of structures that lie beneath the outer, wrinkly part of the brain and above ...