After aversive training, dogs had a lower behavioral state (higher stress and anxiety), a new study has found. If aversive methods were used in high proportions, that persisted even in other contexts.

The importance of using reward-based methods to train dogs is widely known, yet some people still use aversive methods. By definition, both reward-based and aversive methods work to change behavior, ...

Dogs trained using aversive stimuli, which involve punishments for incorrect behavior, show evidence of higher stress levels compared to dogs trained with reward-based methods, according to a study ...