Abstract: Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has garnered significant attention due to its advantages in channel capacity. In this letter, a polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) that utilizes ...

Machine learning is an essential component of artificial intelligence. Whether it’s powering recommendation engines, fraud detection systems, self-driving cars, generative AI, or any of the countless ...

Abstract: In the current digital era, the growing demand for efficient digit recognition systems is increasingly evident. The complexity of recognizing handwritten digits, attributed to variations in ...